Áp dụng công thức khai triển nhị thức Newton, ta có :

\(\left(1+mx\right)^n=1+C_n^1\left(mx\right)+C_n^2\left(mx\right)^2+.....C_n^n\left(mx\right)^n\)

\(\left(1+nx\right)^m=1+C_m^1\left(nx\right)+C_m^2\left(nx\right)+....+C_m^m\left(nx\right)^m\)

Mặt khác ta có : \(C_n^1\left(mx\right)=C_n^1\left(nx\right)=mnx\)

\(C_n^2\left(mx\right)^2=\frac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}m^2x^2;C_m^2\left(nx\right)^2=\frac{m\left(m-1\right)}{2}n^2x^2;\)

Từ đó ta có :

\(L=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\left[\frac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}m^2-\frac{m\left(m-1\right)}{2}n^2\right]x^2+\alpha_3x^3+\alpha_4x^4+....+\alpha_kx^k}{x^2}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (2) ta có : \(L=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\left[\frac{mn\left(n-m\right)}{2}+\alpha_3x+\alpha_4x^2+....+\alpha_kx^{k-2}\right]=\frac{mn\left(n-m\right)}{2}\)

Tui nghĩ cái này L'Hospital chứ giải thông thường là ko ổn :)

\(M=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(1+4x\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}-\left(1+6x\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}}}{1-\cos3x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+4x\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}.4-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+6x\right)^{-\dfrac{2}{3}}.6}{3.\sin3x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{4}.4\left(1+4x\right)^{-\dfrac{3}{2}}.4+\dfrac{2}{9}.6.6\left(1+6x\right)^{-\dfrac{5}{3}}}{3.3.\cos3x}\) 

Giờ thay x vô là được

\(N=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(1+ax\right)^{\dfrac{1}{m}}-\left(1+bx\right)^{\dfrac{1}{n}}}{\left(1+x\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{m}.\left(1+ax\right)^{\dfrac{1}{m}-1}.a-\dfrac{1}{n}\left(1+bx\right)^{\dfrac{1}{n}-1}.b}{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+x\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{m}-\dfrac{b}{n}}{\dfrac{1}{2}}\)

\(V=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(1+mx\right)^n-\left(1+nx\right)^m}{\left(1+2x\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}-\left(1+3x\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{n\left(1+mx\right)^{n-1}.m-m\left(1+nx\right)^{m-1}.n}{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+2x\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}.2-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+3x\right)^{-\dfrac{2}{3}}.3}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)\left(1+mx\right)^{n-2}.m-m\left(m-1\right)\left(1+nx\right)^{m-2}.n}{-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+2x\right)^{-\dfrac{3}{2}}.2+\dfrac{2}{9}.3.3\left(1+3x\right)^{-\dfrac{5}{3}}}=....\left(thay-x-vo-la-duoc\right)\)

Lời giải:

\(\lim\limits_{x\to 1}\frac{x^n-nx+n-1}{(x-1)^2}=\lim\limits_{x\to 1}\frac{(x^n-1)-n(x-1)}{(x-1)^2}=\lim\limits_{x\to 1}\frac{(1+x+...+x^{n-1})-n}{x-1}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\to 1}\frac{(x-1)+(x^2-1)+...+(x^{n-1}-1)}{x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\to 1}[1+(x+1)+...+(1+x+...+x^{n-2})]\)

\(=\frac{n(n-1)}{2}\)

Ta có \(\frac{x^n-nx+n-1}{\left(x-1\right)^2}=\frac{\left(x^n-1\right)-n\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)

                            \(=\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^{n-1}+x^{n-1}+....+x+1-n\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)  (1)

Từ (1) suy ra :

      \(L=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^{n-1}+x^{n-2}+.....+x-\left(n-1\right)}{x-1}\) (2)

     \(L=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x^{n-1}-1\right)+\left(x^{n-2}-1\right)+.....+\left(x-1\right)}{x-1}\)

         \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left[\left(x^{n-1}+x^{n-3}+.....+x+1\right)+.....+\left(x+1\right)+1\right]}{x-1}\)

         \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\left[1+\left(x+1\right)+....+\left(x^{n-2}+x^{n-3}+.....+x+1\right)\right]\)

          \(=1+2+....+\left(n-1\right)=\frac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

Đề bị lỗi công thức rồi bạn. Bạn cần viết lại để được hỗ trợ tốt hơn.

Lời giải:\(\lim\limits_{x\to 1}\left(\frac{m}{1-x^m}-\frac{n}{1-x^n}\right)=\lim\limits_{x\to 1}\left(\frac{m}{1-x^m}-\frac{1}{1-x}-\frac{n}{1-x^n}+\frac{1}{1-x}\right)\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\to 1}\left[\frac{m-(1+x+...+x^{m-1})}{1-x^m}-\frac{n-(1+x+..+x^{n-1})}{1-x^n}\right]\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\to 1}\left[\frac{(1-x)+(1-x^2)+...+(1-x^{m-1})}{1-x^m}-\frac{(1-x)+(1-x^2)+...+(1-x^{n-1})}{1-x^n}\right]\)

\(\lim\limits_{x\to 1}\left[\frac{1+(x+1)+...+(1+x+...x^{m-2})}{1+x+...+x^{m-1}}-\frac{1+(1+x)+...+(1+x+...+x^{n-2})}{1+x+...x^{n-1}}\right]\)

\(=\frac{m(m-1)}{2m}-\frac{n(n-1)}{2n}=\frac{m-1}{2}-\frac{n-1}{2}=\frac{m-n}{2}\)

C2: Xài L'Hospital

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{m-m.x^n-n+n.x^m}{1-x^m-x^n+x^{m+n}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{m.n.x^{m-1}-m.n.x^{n-1}}{\left(m+n\right)x^{m+n-1}-m.x^{m-1}-n.x^{n-1}}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{m.n.\left(m-1\right).x^{m-2}-m.n.\left(n-1\right).x^{n-2}}{\left(m+n\right).\left(m+n-1\right)x^{m+n-2}-m\left(m-1\right)x^{m-2}-n\left(n-1\right)x^{n-2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{m^2n-mn-mn^2+mn}{m^2+2mn-m+n^2-n-m^2+m-n^2+n}=\dfrac{mn\left(m-n\right)}{2mn}=\dfrac{m-n}{2}\)

1.

Trước hết bạn nhớ công thức:

$1^2+2^2+....+n^2=\frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}$ (cách cm ở đây: https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/tinh-tongs-122232n2.83618073020)

Áp vào bài:

\(\lim\frac{1}{n^3}[1^2+2^2+....+(n-1)^2]=\lim \frac{1}{n^3}.\frac{(n-1)n(2n-1)}{6}=\lim \frac{n(n-1)(2n-1)}{6n^3}\)

\(=\lim \frac{(n-1)(2n-1)}{6n^2}=\lim (\frac{n-1}{n}.\frac{2n-1}{6n})=\lim (1-\frac{1}{n})(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{6n})\)

\(=1.\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)

2.

\(\lim \frac{1}{n}\left[(x+\frac{a}{n})+(x+\frac{2a}{n})+...+(x.\frac{(n-1)a}{n}\right]\)

\(=\lim \frac{1}{n}\left[\underbrace{(x+x+...+x)}_{n-1}+\frac{a(1+2+...+n-1)}{n} \right]\)

\(=\lim \frac{1}{n}[(n-1)x+a(n-1)]=\lim \frac{n-1}{n}(x+a)=\lim (1-\frac{1}{n})(x+a)\)

\(=x+a\) 

3.

Trước tiên ta có công thức:

$1^3+2^3+....+n^3=(1+2+3+...+n)^2=\frac{n^2(n+1)^2}{4}$
Chứng minh: https://diendantoanhoc.org/topic/81694-t%C3%ADnh-t%E1%BB%95ng-s-13-23-33-n3/

Khi đó:

\(\lim \frac{1^3+2^3+...+n^3}{n^4}=\lim \frac{n^2(n+1)^2}{4n^4}\\ =\lim \frac{(n+1)^2}{4n^2}=\frac{1}{4}\lim (1+\frac{1}{n})^2=\frac{1}{4}.1=\frac{1}{4}\)